The resulting groups (Nâ€‰=â€‰10 each) were the reference groups (shade A1 ceramic base) BL-1 and TL-1 veneers, and the test groups (shade A4 ceramic base) BL-4 and TL-4 veneers. A bonding apparatus was utilized to adhesively cement all veneers on the ceramic discs (shade A1), simulating teeth of light and dark color.

A total of 40 veneers (shade A1, 10-mm diameter, 0.8-mm thick) were manufactured-20 BL veneers (0.4-mm pressable ceramic coping veneered with 0.4-mm thick enamel layer) and 20 TL veneers (0.4-mm coping veneered with 0.2-mm thick opaque interlayer and 0.2-mm thick enamel layer). The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the masking ability of bi- laminate (BL) and tri- laminate (TL) all-ceramic veneers cemented on tooth-colored ceramic discs. There is limited evidence in the literature that compares the masking ability of multi- laminate veneers. Discolored teeth pose a major challenge as sufficient material thickness is required to achieve a good esthetic result. Masking ability of bi- and tri- laminate all-ceramic veneers on tooth-colored ceramic discs.įarhan, Daniel Sukumar, Smitha von Stein-Lausnitz, Axel Aarabi, Ghazal Alawneh, Ahmad Reissmann, Daniel RĪ predictable esthetic outcome is imperative when placing ceramic veneers. The newly developed product is an interesting potential alternative to traditional laminated veneer lumber or plywood. The physico-mechanical properties of the LLVRs were evaluated, and the results showed that LLVRs had strong shear strength, sound dimensional stability, decent bending strength, and favorable toughening and buffering performances. The process as developed was then utilized to fabricate nine-ply LLVRs of five balanced constructions with two or three CR laminates used as various layers. The optimized manufacturing process (chloroprene rubber: CR PAPI: 80 g/m2 PF: 200 g/m2 and silane: 9.0 wt.% was determined. Interfacial Adhesion and Damping Characteristics of Laminated Veneer Lumber Intercalated with Rubber Sheetsįull Text Available Laminated wood veneer lumber intercalated with rubber sheets (LLVR was fabricated using a layered adhesive system composed of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI for wood-rubber inter-bonding and phenol formaldehyde (PF resin to glue the wood veneers. The lowest contact angle and highest wettability were observed in unsanded Douglas fir veneers. The balanced lay-up limited twisting of the wood/polyester composites. Wood/polyester laminates absorbed a considerable amount of energy through a higher number of fracture modes. Results showed that Douglas fir cross-ply laminates had an impact energy equivalent to glass fiber laminates, making them an interesting alternative to synthetic fiber composites. The wettability and surface roughness of unsanded and sanded wood veneers were also investigated.

The impact properties of the samples, with respect to the laminate thicknesses, were characterized using a drop-weight impact tester. These were compared to control specimens using glass fiber as reinforcement. Sheets of Douglas fir, maple, and oak veneers using a catalyzed polyester resin were assembled as unidirectional, balanced, and unbalanced cross-ply laminates. In this study, composites of thin wood veneer and a polyester matrix were made and the difficulties in the lamination and curing processes were investigated.

While the use of plant fibers in a polyester matrix has been thoroughly studied, only limited information is available regarding using wood as reinforcement. Wettability and Impact Performance of Wood Veneer/Polyester Compositesĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites have been of interest since the 1940s due to their ease of use in processing, fast curing times, and high specific stiffness and strength.

Labial veeer lam